{"id":22,"date":"2016-04-28T18:40:58","date_gmt":"2016-04-28T18:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/?page_id=22"},"modified":"2026-04-29T18:05:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T22:05:24","slug":"dog-daycare","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/","title":{"rendered":"Dog Daycare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Similar to humans, maintaining a social life is deeply instinctual for dogs, that\u2019s why we created a space for your dog to socialize and play with others in a safe environment. Regular dog daycare supports healthy weight management, a strong heart, active mind, and a longer, more fulfilling life for your dog.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff8200\"><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SpellingErrorHighlight SCXW31591189 BCX0\">Dogtopia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">\u00a0of Birmingham provid<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">e<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">\u00a0the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">\u00a0socialization, exercise, and enrichment your pup\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">requires<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">, while giving you<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\">\u00a0the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31591189 BCX0\"> freedom to focus on your day knowing they&#8217;re in trusted hands.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW31591189 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>THE Dog DAYCARE EXPERIENCE<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Our daycare dogs exercise, socialize, and play freely in off-leash, dog park style play areas for up to 10 hours per day under the supervision of trained professionals. Each day is structured into two play sessions, separated by a well-deserved nap time to recharge.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>EVERYTHING YOU&#8217;RE LOOKING FOR<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Separated\u00a0Playrooms<\/strong> \u2013\u00a0All dogs are grouped by size and play style for added safety<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Indoor and Outdoor Spaces<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Our play areas are designed for year-round fun<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Live Webcams<\/strong> \u2013 Check in on your pup\u2019s playtime whenever you want<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Everyone is Welcome<\/strong> \u2013 We accept dogs of all breeds and sizes<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Communication<\/strong> \u2013\u00a0Stay\u00a0updated with progress report cards and a\u00a0convenient texting\u00a0number\u00a0to check in<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Highly Trained Canine Coaches<\/strong> &#8211; Our playroom attendants complete a four-part training program built on a custom curriculum approved by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccpdt.org\/\">Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers<\/a> (CCPDT).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Extensive Evaluation Process<\/strong> \u2013 Each dog completes a Meet &amp; Greet socialization and health assessment before joining our daycare pack<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Events and Enrichment<\/strong> \u2013 We offer endless <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/events\/\">weekly events<\/a>, fundraisers, and enrichment activities for your dog<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>TAKE A LOOK<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW166084004 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW166084004 BCX0\">Our\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW166084004 BCX0\">state-of-the-art<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW166084004 BCX0\"> facility in Birmingham, MI offers <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW166084004 BCX0\">6,200 square feet<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW166084004 BCX0\"> of indoor space and an additional 700 square foot outdoor play yard equipped with antimicrobial K9Grass.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW166084004 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-slideshow-wrap\" data-uk-grid><div class=\"image-slideshow-column\"><div class=\"image-slideshow\" data-uk-slideshow=\"ratio: 3:2\"><ul class=\"uk-slideshow-items\"><li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-prod.dogtopia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/142\/2026\/04\/Copy-of-Untitled-Design-2-690x460.jpg\" alt=\"Dogtopia dog daycare in Birmingham MI\" data-uk-cover ><div class=\"slide-copy-holder\"><p>Dogtopia of Birmingham<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-prod.dogtopia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/142\/2026\/04\/Copy-of-Untitled-Design-3-690x460.jpg\" alt=\"Dog day care and boarding lobby\" data-uk-cover ><div class=\"slide-copy-holder\"><p>Main Lobby<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-prod.dogtopia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/142\/2026\/04\/Copy-of-Untitled-Design-1-690x460.jpg\" alt=\"indoor dog park play area\" data-uk-cover ><div class=\"slide-copy-holder\"><p>Indoor Play Area<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-prod.dogtopia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/142\/2026\/04\/Copy-of-Untitled-Design-6-690x460.jpg\" alt=\"Outdoor daycare play area\" data-uk-cover ><div class=\"slide-copy-holder\"><p>Outdoor Play Yard<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"slideshow-status-control-bar\"><div class=\"slideshow-current-slide-status\"><span class=\"js-text-content\">1\/4<\/span><\/div><div class=\"slide-controls-wrap\"><a href=\"#\" data-uk-slideshow-item=\"previous\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"far fa-angle-left\"><\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Previous<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-uk-slideshow-item=\"next\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"far fa-angle-right\"><\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"caption-column\"><div class=\"slideshow-caption-holder\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>What are your vaccine and daycare requirements?<\/h4>\n<p>For the highest safety standards in our open-play environment, all dogs must be at least <strong>12 weeks old<\/strong>\u00a0and up to date on <strong>Rabies, Distemper\/Parvo (DHPP), and Bordetella<\/strong> vaccines. Puppies\u00a0<strong>under 7 months may remain intact<\/strong>\u00a0and are encouraged to attend daycare, as this developmental stage is key for building socialization skills that shape lifelong behavior. Dogs over <strong>7 months of age are required to be spayed or neutered<\/strong> to support safe group play.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>What Pricing options and plans are availible?<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Every dog deserves a personalized daycare plan that\u2019s just as unique as they are! We have a wide variety of daily, weekly, and monthly daycare packages so you can choose a plan that fits your lifestyle. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/pricing\/\"><em>Click here<\/em><\/a> to view all pricing options.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>How do I schedule daycare?<\/h4>\n<p>All dogs start with a free Meet &amp; Greet visit to get to know our team and make sure your dog is comfortable in open play. Once your pup has been approved for open play, scheduling daycare visits is easy with the convenience of our Dogtopia App! We also offer over the phone, text, and email booking options.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>What is a Meet &amp; Greet?<\/h4>\n<p>A Meet &amp; Greet is your pup\u2019s first step into the Dogtopia experience. It\u2019s a chance for you to meet our team, share your goals, and see how your dog responds to an open-play environment. Your pup will head into a controlled room with one of our trained evaluators, who will assess their comfort level around other people and guide a slow, supervised introduction to other dogs before joining group play. You can expect to spend about 20\u201330 minutes with our team while your pup goes through this process. Once they pass their Meet &amp; Greet, your pup is encouraged to stay for the rest of the day to continue acclimating (free of charge!).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>What are your hours?<\/h4>\n<p>We are open from 7am-7pm on weekdays, and from 10am-5pm on weekends.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Can PET PARENTS be in the playroom?<\/h4>\n<p>To maintain a safe and controlled environment and minimize disruption, pet owners are not allowed in the playrooms, but you can still be part of the action! All pet parents are granted access to complimentary live webcams in the Dogtopia App so you never miss a moment of the fun.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Can you give my dog meals or medication?<\/h4>\n<p>Mealtime is one of our favorite parts of the day! In fact, we even offer a doggy food menu so you can treat your pup to something special! Our daily nap time break from 12pm-2pm allows dogs to eat, rest, and digest safely before heading back into play.<\/p>\n<p>Our team can administer topical or oral medications during overnight stays or doggy daycare. Please note that some medications are not permitted in an open-play environment, and all medications must be approved prior to your visit. For more details, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/health-and-safety\/\"><em>Health and Safety Policies.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>How do I know if daycare is right for my dog?<\/h4>\n<p>We work with dogs of all ages, sizes, personalities, and experience levels on a daily basis and love talking about it! We are happy to help guide you through the process and make sure the open-play environment will be beneficial for your dog.<\/p>\n<p>Our free Meet &amp; Greet is the perfect way to try us out. It gives your dog a chance to experience open-play while we evaluate their play behaviors in a controlled environment with trained professionals.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>What are your Health &amp; Safety Policies?<\/h4>\n<p>We follow a number of strict health and safety policies to ensure our dogs are comfortable and well cared for.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/health-and-safety\/\">Click here<\/a> <\/em>to learn more about our Health and Safety Policies<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Similar to humans, maintaining a social life is deeply instinctual for dogs, that\u2019s why we created a space for your dog to socialize and play with others in a safe environment. Regular dog daycare supports healthy weight management, a strong heart, active mind, and a longer, more fulfilling life for your dog.\u00a0 Dogtopia\u00a0of Birmingham provides\u00a0the\u00a0socialization, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/>Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-service-detail.php","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.6 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dog Daycare Birmingham | Dogtopia Birmingham<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dog Daycare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Similar to humans, maintaining a social life is deeply instinctual for dogs, that\u2019s why we created a space for your dog to socialize and play with others in a safe environment. Regular dog daycare supports healthy weight management, a strong heart, active mind, and a longer, more fulfilling life for your dog.\u00a0 Dogtopia\u00a0of Birmingham provides\u00a0the\u00a0socialization, &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Birmingham\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-29T22:05:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/\",\"name\":\"Dog Daycare Birmingham | Dogtopia Birmingham\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-04-28T18:40:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-29T22:05:24+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Dog Daycare\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/\",\"name\":\"Birmingham\",\"description\":\"Dogtopia of Birmingham\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/search\/{search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Dog Daycare Birmingham | Dogtopia Birmingham","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Dog Daycare","og_description":"Similar to humans, maintaining a social life is deeply instinctual for dogs, that\u2019s why we created a space for your dog to socialize and play with others in a safe environment. Regular dog daycare supports healthy weight management, a strong heart, active mind, and a longer, more fulfilling life for your dog.\u00a0 Dogtopia\u00a0of Birmingham provides\u00a0the\u00a0socialization, &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/","og_site_name":"Birmingham","article_modified_time":"2026-04-29T22:05:24+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/","name":"Dog Daycare Birmingham | Dogtopia Birmingham","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-04-28T18:40:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-29T22:05:24+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/dog-daycare\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Dog Daycare"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/","name":"Birmingham","description":"Dogtopia of Birmingham","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/search\/{search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P7upzr-m","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4376,"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions\/4376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dogtopia.com\/birmingham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}