Choosing the right dog food isn’t just about grabbing the prettiest bag or going with what’s on sale. Your dog’s nutrition plays a key role in their overall health, energy, and even behavior. With so many options on the shelves—from kibble to raw, grain-free to high-protein—it can feel overwhelming. So, what should you really be looking for? Here’s what matters most when picking a dog food.

1. Check for AAFCO Nutritional Adequacy

The first thing to look for on a label is whether the food meets the standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). This ensures the food is “complete and balanced” for your dog’s life stage—whether they’re a puppy, adult, or senior.

Look for a statement like: “This food is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles.”

2. Know Your Dog’s Life Stage and Size

Dogs have different nutritional needs depending on their age, breed, and size.

  • Puppies need more calories and nutrients for growth.

  • Adult dogs require maintenance-level calories and nutrients.

  • Senior dogs might need fewer calories and joint-supporting supplements.

  • Large breeds benefit from joint support and controlled calcium levels.

  • Small breeds often need calorie-dense food in smaller kibble sizes.

3. Read the Ingredient List

Quality ingredients matter. Ideally, the first ingredient should be a named animal protein (like “chicken” or “beef”), not a vague term like “meat” or “meat by-product.”

Also, watch for:

  • Whole grains (like brown rice or oatmeal) or healthy grain-free alternatives (like sweet potato).

  • Avoid foods with excessive fillers (corn, wheat, soy), artificial colors, or preservatives (BHA, BHT).

4. Understand Protein and Fat Levels

Dogs need a good amount of animal-based protein for muscle maintenance and fat for energy. Look for a food with:

  • Protein: At least 18% for adult dogs, 22%+ for puppies.

  • Fat: Around 8–15%, depending on your dog’s activity level.

5. Watch for Allergies or Sensitivities

Some dogs have food allergies or intolerances. Common triggers include:

  • Chicken

  • Beef

  • Dairy

  • Grains (in some dogs)

If your dog has itchy skin, digestive issues, or chronic ear infections, talk to your vet about doing a food trial or switching to a limited-ingredient diet.

6. Consider Your Dog’s Lifestyle

A couch-potato pup and an adventure-loving dog have very different needs. Working dogs, high-energy breeds, or very active pups may benefit from higher-calorie, protein-rich foods. For less active or overweight dogs, lower-calorie options with added fiber may help maintain a healthy weight.

7. Brand Reputation and Transparency

Not all pet food companies are created equal. Choose brands that:

  • Employ veterinary nutritionists

  • Conduct feeding trials

  • Share ingredient sourcing and manufacturing practices

Bonus: Look for companies with strong safety records and responsive customer service.

Final Thoughts

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer for dog food, but a little label-reading and thoughtful consideration go a long way. If in doubt, your veterinarian can offer personalized recommendations based on your dog’s breed, age, health status, and lifestyle.

A well-fed dog is a happy, healthy dog—so it’s worth taking the time to get it right.